, , ,

   /   

Cyril Ramaphosa

   /
             
   (photo Cyril Ramaphosa)
   

: 17.11.1952
: ,
: 70

:

.

, , .

(19911996) (20122017), - - (20142018). 18 2017 . - 15 2018 .

20.07.2023

17 1952 --, . , , . . , , , . .

 .
.

1960 , 69 , , , . , , , . 1962 , , . -, 1971 ( ). , , . 1972 ,

. , 1974 . , . 1974 , , 6- . , . 1976 , , -- . , , .

1977 . . , , 1981 . , . 1982 , , , - 1972 1974 . 4 1982 : . , 6 , , 1946 .

1983 , , - , . , , . 1984 ( ), . 1985 , . 1986 ().

1980- , 250 . 1987 , 70 % . , , , 9, 500 400 , Anglo American , . , , , , .

.
:11258
.
:8672

:6680

1990 , . , 27- . 5 1991 48- , 31- , 58 % 9- , , . , 26 , 1994, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017 .

1991 (). 1992 . 19911993 , [en], 1994 , , . 1993 1994 , , . 24 1994 , , , . , , , , , , , [en], , , ; , . 19 49- .

13 1996 - , . 22 , 8 . 12 . . [93], , . 17 1997 50- , , . , . : , , . , .

, 1996 New Africa Investments Limited (NEIL), -, . Johnnies Industrial Corporation[en] (Johnnic) Anglo American National Empowerment Consortium (NEC), . Johnnic , NEC, . 1996 Johnnic. NEIL, , 1999 , , . , , Black Economic Empowerment. , - , , .

2000 Shanduka Group, Assore Glencore (), Bidvest (), Standard Bank (), , . Shanduka 70 % CocaCola Coca-Cola Shanduka Beverages. 2011 Shanduka McDonalds , 20 . Alexander Forbes South Africa[en], KreditInform Limited, Sasria SOC Limited, Vancut Diamond Works, Rebserve Holdings Limited, Millennium Consolidated Investments Limited, SABMiller, Capital Property Fund, Pan African Resources, Mondi[en], MTN Group Limited, The Bidvest Group Limited, Alexander Forbes Limited[en], Assore Limited, Lonmin, Standard Bank Group Limited, The Bidvest Group Limited. - , . 30 % Shanduka , . 450 ( 2015 ).

16 2012 , 2 . 18 53- , 8- , 3018 , 470, 463 . , . - , , , , , , .

15 2014 . 26 [en], - . .

18 2017 54- 14- , 2440 , -, 2261 . , . , , . , - , , . , , , , , , . , 2019 , , .

4 2018 , , , [en], [en], , , . , 5 20 - - , , , , - , . 6 8 . , , , , , . , , . . , , .

, , . 12 , , 21- . 14 , , . , , ʻ. - , 90- .

15 , , , . 11 , Ҹ 5- , . , , -, , - , , , .

26 , - .

[262]. : , , . 1996 , , . . 2017 , , .




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